Fig. 2

Targeted 16s rRNA metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome (α and β-diversity). Box plots presenting levels of (A) Shannon α -diversity index and (B) bacterial load (expressed as number of bacteria / g of feces) between the 4 different clinical timepoints: before chemotherapy in all AML patients (n = 38), at day 14 for AML-controls diarrhea (-) (n = 15), at diagnosis of diarrhea for AML-controls diarrhea (+) (n = 15), at diagnosis of NE for AML-NE (n = 19), and N-AML-NE (n = 6). p-values were calculated using a non-parametric two-sided Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons tests. A p-value < 0.01 was considered statistically significant. (C) Dot plot illustrating the coordinates of the Bray-Curtis matrix distances of each sample on Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA). Dots were colored based on their associated clinical timepoint. (D) Permutated Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) analysis of Bray-Curtis distances. A p-value < 0.001 was considered statistically significant. (E) Violin plot and (F) regression curve with 95%CI comparing the dynamic modifications in the AML-NE group (n = 26) to the rest of the AML controls (n = 39). (G) Bar plot describing taxa contributing to the dynamic microbial signature of NE