Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the AML-cohort

Age (years)

            54 ± 14

55 ± 13

52 ± 13

0.40

Male – n (%)

            42 (65)

23 (59)

19 (73)

0.24

AML group according to the WHO’s classification – n (%)

   AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities

32 (82)

19 (73)

   AML with myelodysplasia-related changes

3 (8)

0

0.14

   AML, not otherwise specified

4 (10)

7 (27)

Patients’ characteristics at admission

AML complications – n (%)

Hyperleukocytosis

            45 (69)

24 (64)

20 (77)

0.27

Leukostasis

            18 (28)

11 (28)

7 (27)

0.91

DIC

            26 (40)

16 (41)

10 (39)

0.84

Tumor lysis syndrome

            23 (35)

17 (44)

6 (23)

0.09

SOFA score – n (%)

            3 [1–4]

3 [1–4]

3 [2–4]

0.63

ICU admission – n (%)

            38 (59)

18 (46)

20 (77)

0.01

   SAPS II in ICU patients [IQR]

            29 [23–35]

32 [26–41]

28 [23–33]

0.20

Malnutrition – n (%)

            6 (9)

2 (5)

4 (15)

0.21

Digestive disorders * – n (%)

            10 (15)

4 (10)

6 (23)

0.18

Antibiotic treatment before chemotherapy – n (%)

            44 (68)

25 (64)

19 (73)

0.45

   Duration of antibiotics (days) [IQR]

            5 [4–7]

6 [4–7]

5 [2–7]

0.11

   Monotherapy – n (%)

            33 (75)

19 (76)

14 (74)

0.02

   Antibiotic with anti-anaerobic activity – n (%)

            22 (50)

12 (28)

10 (53)

0.86

   Piperacillin-Tazobactam or Carbapenem – n (%)

            10 (23)

10 (40)

0

0.001

Received treatments from AML

Aracytine and Anthracycline combination – n (%)

            60 (92)

34 (87)

26 (100)

0.08

Anti-CD33 treatments – n (%)

            9 (14)

4 (10)

5 (19)

0.47

FLT3-inhibitor treatments – n (%)

            15 (23)

7 (18)

8 (31)

0.23

Hydroxyurea – n (%)

            43 (66)

24 (62)

19 (73)

0.34

Dexamethasone – n (%)

            39 (60)

20 (51)

19 (73)

0.08

Infectious complications during neutropenia

Febrile neutropenia – n (%)

            52 (80)

34 (87)

18 (69)

0.11

Oral mucositis – n (%)

            33 (51)

13 (33)

20 (77)

< 0.001

Herpes Simplex Virus recurrences – n (%)

            17 (26)

4 (10)

13 (50)

< 0.001

Clinically defined infectious complications** – n (%)

            11 (17)

5 (13)

6 (23)

0.61

Pulmonary invasive fungal infections – n (%)

            5 (8)

3 (8)

2 (8)

1.00

Bloodstream infections – n

            26

11

15

0.04

   Multiple pathogens

2

5

0.66

   Related to catheter colonization

6

2

0.04

   Enterococcus spp.

1

4

0.36

   Enterobacteriaceae

0

7

0.01

   Candida spp.

1

2

1.00

Antibiotics administered during neutropenia

Number of days with antibiotic post chemotherapy [IQR]

            23 [19–30]

24 [19–30]

23 [20–29]

0.88

Azole– n (%)

Days [IQR]

            16 (25)

9 (23)

7 (27)

0.72

            7 [4–14]

7 [4–14]

7 [6–13]

0.83

Cephalosporin – n (%)

Days [IQR]

            43 (66)

25 (64)

18 (69)

0.67

            10 [7–15]

11 [7–18]

10 [7–15]

0.31

Penicillin – n (%)

Days [IQR]

            46 (71)

31 (80)

15 (58)

0.06

            10 [5–19]

10 [6–20]

9 [5–18]

0.54

Carbapenem – n (%)

Days [IQR]

            26 (40)

21 (54)

5 (19)

0.005

            8 [5–13]

8 [5–13]

8 [4–11]

0.87

Vancomycin – n (%)

Days [IQR]

            23 (35)

15 (39)

8 (31)

0.53

            10 [7–13]

10 [6–12]

10 [7–14]

0.70

Aminoside – n (%)

            7 (11)

4 (10)

3 (12)

1.0

Outcomes

Duration of neutropenia (days) [IQR]

            21 [20–24]

21 [20–24]

21 [20–22]

0.48

Hospital length of stay (days) [IQR]

            31 [28–38]

30 [28–36]

33 [29–46]

0.04

Remission rate at discharge – n (%)

            52 (80)

31 (80)

21 (81)

0.90

In-hospital mortality rate – n (%)

            12 (19)

7 (18)

5 (19)

1.00

Malnutrition at discharge – n (%)

            27 (42)

13 (33)

14 (54)

0.10

1-year remission rate – n (%)

            36 (72)

22 (71)

14 (74)

1.00

1-year mortality rate – n (%)

            20 (31)

11 (28)

9 (36)

0.51